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Pigeye shark
The pigeye shark or Java shark (''Carcharhinus amboinensis'') is an uncommon species of requiem shark, in the family Carcharhinidae, found in the warm coastal waters of the eastern Atlantic and western Indo-Pacific. It prefers shallow, murky environments with soft bottoms, and tends to roam within a fairly localised area. With its bulky grey body, small eyes, and short, blunt snout, the pigeye shark looks almost identical to (and is often confused with) the better-known bull shark (''C. leucas''). The two species differ in vertebral count, the relative sizes of the dorsal fins, and other subtle traits. This shark typically reaches lengths of .
The pigeye shark is an apex predator that mostly hunts low in the water column. It has a varied diet, consisting mainly of bony and cartilaginous fishes and also including crustaceans, molluscs, sea snakes, and cetaceans. This species gives birth to live young, with the developing embryos sustained to term via a placental connection to their mother. Litters of three to thirteen pups are born after a gestation period of nine or twelve months. Young sharks spend their first few years of life in sheltered inshore habitats such as bays, where their movements follow tidal and seasonal patterns. The pigeye shark's size and dentition make it potentially dangerous, though it has not been known to attack humans. The shark is infrequently caught in shark nets protecting beaches and by fisheries, which use it for meat and fins. The IUCN presently lacks adequate data to assess the conservation status of this species.
==Taxonomy==
German biologists Johannes Müller and Jakob Henle described the pigeye shark and named it ''Carcharias (Prionodon) amboinensis'' in their 1839 ''Systematische Beschreibung der Plagiostomen''. Later authors reassigned it to the genus ''Carcharhinus''. The type specimen is a stuffed female long, originally caught off Ambon Island in Indonesia, from which the specific epithet is derived.〔〔 Several junior synonyms are known for this species, among them ''Triaenodon obtusus'', which was based on a near-birth pigeye shark foetus.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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